رفع اشکال GRE Reading Comprehension

[robotic]

متن ریدینگ

By the mid-1970s the U.S. tailored clothing industry was foundering. In 1965, 100 percent of the average American male’s wardrobe was manufactured in the United States; by the mid-1970s, 12% of all men’s suits and 30% of all men’s shirts and sports coats were imported, typically from low-wage countries, and the statistics were trending upward.

→Proactively, labor, government, and management worked together to create a nonprofit corporation in 1981 called the Tailored Clothing Technology Corporation or (TC)2. Its initial goals included the development of a new system of sewing, as well the conceptualization and engineering of equipment that would robotically manufacture men’s suits. The latter goal was unrealized, although progress was made in automation during the 1980s. Nevertheless, new technology failed to reverse import trends apparent in the 1970s. For example—and for a plethora of reasons—in the years between 1994 and 1999, imports of tailored garments grew 40%.

Research in the wake of the joint (TC)2 initiative led to the development in 1991 of 3-D body scanners that make it possible to bypass traditional fittings. Once again, clothing manufacturers and retailers were placing, and some continue to place, their bets on technology—and an impressive technology it is. A single scan identifies approximately 300,000 points of data on the body and enables the reader to view the body in new and innovative ways, including as a cross section, slice area, or surface area. Knowledge of both size and shape can then be factored into a precision fit. ←

It is believed that the use of full-body scanners will lead to a new era of the “virtual try on” and customization of clothing. Nevertheless, the impact of these scanners, which first appeared in retail business in 1999, has yet to be translated to a growth in sales or profit for the tailored clothing industry, suggesting that new and better technology cannot save a collapsing industry.

متن سوال

Which of the following, if it were true, would most seriously weaken the argument?

(A) It is projected that imports would have increased by less than 20% from 1994 to 1999 had globalization not been a factor.
(B) Improvements in automation resulted in increased sales in low-wage countries.
(C) The limited use of scanners is due to the prohibitive cost of the technology.
(D) The use of robotic arms and other  technological improvements led to dramatic increases in profits in the  auto industry during selected years in the same time period.
(E) The development of a new sewing system initially led to a dramatic growth in sales in the mid-1980s.

متن جواب

• You can eliminate choice (A)  because the passage makes it clear that the upward trend in imports is  leading to the collapse; therefore, a 20 percent increase in imports is  significant and negative, no matter how it is explained.
• You can eliminate choice (B)  because the situation is different in low-wage countries; their clothing  industries are, presumably, not foundering or collapsing as the U.S.  clothing industry is. Furthermore, the argument is clearly relative to  the U.S. clothing industry.
• Choice (C) is incorrect because it doesn’t weaken the argument that technology alone cannot save the U.S. clothing industry.
• Similarly, the focus on the U.S. clothing industry, not the auto industry, means that you should eliminate choice (D).
• Choice (E) suggests that new  technology did, in fact, lead (even if only initially) to the kind of  sales that might save the industry. This idea contradicts the thesis, or  controlling opinion. Therefore, choice (E) is correct. The correct answer is (E).

من فکر می کنم گزینه D درست است. چون در مورد صنایع پوشاک است.
فکر می کنم گزینه ی E نادرست است. چون به طور کلی در مورد صنایع گفته است

اما کتاب گفته گزینه ی E است!

به نظر شما اشتباه من چیست؟

[quicksatik]

برخلاف نظر شما گزینه D هیچ ارتباطی با صنایع پوشاک نداره،بلکه در مورد "auto industry" یعنی همون صنایع خودروسازی صحبت کرده. گزینه E درسته. هر چند نوشته فروش زیادتر شده و اشاره مستقیم به پوشاک نکرده ولی اشاره پارت اول گزینه به "sewing" یعنی خیاطی نشون میده که منظورش فروش پوشاک بوده.

[MehranNZ]

سلام دوستان این سوال از بیگ بوک ۵ بخش دوم بنده اصلا متوجه نمی شم چرا برای گزینه های ۱۸ و ۱۹ بترتیب D و C درست نیست و زده E و D؟! در اینجا هم جوابشون مثل من بوده که با کلید فرق می کنه!

Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root. Despite these difficulties, there has been important new work that suggests that this symbiotic association can be harnessed to achieve more economical use of costly superphosphate fertilizer and to permit better exploitation of cheaper, less soluble rock phosphate. Mycorrhizal benefits are not limited to improved phosphate uptake in host plants. In legumes, mycorrhizal inoculation has increased nitrogen fixation beyond levels achieved by adding phosphate fertilizer alone. Certain symbiotic associations also increase the host plant’s resistance to harmful root fungi. Whether this resistance results from exclusion of harmful fungi through competition for sites, from metabolic change involving antibiotic production, or from increased vigor is undetermined.

18. The level of information in the passage above is suited to the needs of all of the following people EXCEPT:
(A) a researcher whose job is to identify potentially profitable areas for research and product development
(B) a state official whose position requires her to alert farmers about possible innovations in farming
(C) an official of a research foundation who identifies research projects for potential funding
(D) a biologist attempting to keep up with scientific developments in an area outside of his immediate area of specialization
(E) a botanist conducting experiments to determine the relationship between degree of mycorrhizal infection and expected uptake of phosphate
19. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following has been a factor influencing the extent to which research on mycorrhizal fungi has progressed?
(A) Lack of funding for such research
(B) Lack of immediate application of such research
(C) Lack of a method for identifying mycorrhizal fungi
(D) Difficulties surrounding laboratory production of specimens for study（D）
(E) Difficulties ensuing from the high cost and scarcity of superphosphate fertilizers

[starry eyed]

سلام دوستان این سوال از بیگ بوک ۵ بخش دوم بنده اصلا متوجه نمی شم چرا برای گزینه های ۱۸ و ۱۹ بترتیب D و C درست نیست و زده E و D؟! در اینجا هم جوابشون مثل من بوده که با کلید فرق می کنه!

Mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. First, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. Second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root. Despite these difficulties, there has been important new work that suggests that this symbiotic association can be harnessed to achieve more economical use of costly superphosphate fertilizer and to permit better exploitation of cheaper, less soluble rock phosphate. Mycorrhizal benefits are not limited to improved phosphate uptake in host plants. In legumes, mycorrhizal inoculation has increased nitrogen fixation beyond levels achieved by adding phosphate fertilizer alone. Certain symbiotic associations also increase the host plant’s resistance to harmful root fungi. Whether this resistance results from exclusion of harmful fungi through competition for sites, from metabolic change involving antibiotic production, or from increased vigor is undetermined.

18. The level of information in the passage above is suited to the needs of all of the following people EXCEPT:
(A) a researcher whose job is to identify potentially profitable areas for research and product development
(B) a state official whose position requires her to alert farmers about possible innovations in farming
(C) an official of a research foundation who identifies research projects for potential funding
(D) a biologist attempting to keep up with scientific developments in an area outside of his immediate area of specialization
(E) a botanist conducting experiments to determine the relationship between degree of mycorrhizal infection and expected uptake of phosphate
19. It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following has been a factor influencing the extent to which research on mycorrhizal fungi has progressed?
(A) Lack of funding for such research
(B) Lack of immediate application of such research
(C) Lack of a method for identifying mycorrhizal fungi
(D) Difficulties surrounding laboratory production of specimens for study（D）
(E) Difficulties ensuing from the high cost and scarcity of superphosphate fertilizers

من فکر میکنم سوال 19 همون گزینه D صحیح هست چون در متن صریحا ذکر شده که این قارچها نمیتونن بدون وجود ریشه جاندار کشت بشن ( the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root) که یعنی در آزمایشگاه تولیدشون دشواره. اما در مورد گزینه C هیچ جای متن ذکر نشده که هیچ روشی برای شناسایی این قارچها وجود نداره.مسلما با توجه به مطالبی که در مورد یافته های جدید در متن اومده روشهایی برای شناسایی این قارچها هست.

[Royal2009]

سلام
سوالات زیر چرا جوابشون اینها میشه؟؟!
Quick Test

1. In recent years many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But
since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an
eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason, cabinetmaking is not
art.

Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the
conclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion?

(A) Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not be used by
anyone.
(B) Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with the practical utility of
the products they produce.
(C) Cabinetmakers should be more concerned with the practical utility of their
products than they currently are.
(D) An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the object’s practical
utility.
(E) Artists are not concerned with the monetary value of their products.

================================================== ======
2. The program to control the entry of illegal drugs into the country was a failure in
1987. If the program had been successful, the wholesale price of most illegal drugs
would not have dropped substantially in 1987.

The argument in the passage depends on which of the following
assumptions?

(A) The supply of illegal drugs dropped substantially in 1987.
(B) The price paid for most illegal drugs by the average consumer did not drop
substantially in 1987.
(C) Domestic production of illegal drugs increased at a higher rate than did the entry
of such drugs into the country.
(D) The wholesale price of a few illegal drugs increased substantially in 1987.
(E) A drop in demand for most illegal drugs in 1987 was not the sole cause of the drop
in their wholesale price.

================================================== ==========
3. A researcher discovered that people who have low levels of immune-system
activity tend to score much lower on tests of mental health than do people with
normal or high immune-system activity. The researcher concluded from this
experiment that the immune system
protects against mental illness as well as against physical disease.

The researcher’s conclusion depends on which of the following
assumptions?

(A) High immune-system activity protects against mental illness better than
normal immune-system activity does.
(B) Mental illness is similar to physical disease in its effects on body systems.
(C) People with high immune-system activity cannot develop mental illness.
(D) Mental illness does not cause people’s immune-system activity to decrease.
(E) Psychological treatment of mental illness is not as effective as is medical
treatment.

=========================
جواب ها":Answer key: 1. D 2. E 3. D

[shalaleh]

اساتید اگه در مورد این سوال راهنمایی کنن ممنون میشم:
Recently an unusually high number of dolphins
have been found dead of infectious diseases, and
most of these had abnormally high tissue
concentrations of certain compounds that, even in
low concentrations, reduce dolphins’ resistance to
infection. The only source of these compounds in the
dolphins’ environment is boat paint. Therefore, since
dolphins rid their bodies of the compounds rapidly
once exposure ceases, their mortality rate should
decline rapidly if such boat paints are banned.
25. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens
the argument?
A The levels of the compounds typically used in
boat paints today are lower than they were in
boat paints manufactured a decade ago.
B In high concentrations, the compounds are
toxic to many types of marine animals.
C The compounds break down into harmless
substances after a few months of exposure to
water or air.
D High tissue levels of the compounds have
recently been found in some marine animals,
but there is no record of any of those animals
dying in unusually large numbers recently.
E The compounds do not leach out of the boat
paint if the paint is applied exactly in accordance with the manufacturer's direction.

[hirt-01]

اساتید اگه در مورد این سوال راهنمایی کنن ممنون میشم:
Recently an unusually high number of dolphins
have been found dead of infectious diseases, and
most of these had abnormally high tissue
concentrations of certain compounds that, even in
low concentrations, reduce dolphins’ resistance to
infection. The only source of these compounds in the
dolphins’ environment is boat paint. Therefore, since
dolphins rid their bodies of the compounds rapidly
once exposure ceases, their mortality rate should
decline rapidly if such boat paints are banned.
25. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens
the argument?
A The levels of the compounds typically used in
boat paints today are lower than they were in
boat paints manufactured a decade ago.
B In high concentrations, the compounds are
toxic to many types of marine animals.
C The compounds break down into harmless
substances after a few months of exposure to
water or air.
D High tissue levels of the compounds have
recently been found in some marine animals,
but there is no record of any of those animals
dying in unusually large numbers recently.
E The compounds do not leach out of the boat
paint if the paint is applied exactly in accordance with the manufacturer's direction.

معنیش که مشخصه برات؟ میگه یه ماده تو بدن دلفین هایی که کشته شدن پیدا شده که این ماده سیستم دفاعیشون رو ضعیف می کنه. تنها راه ورود این ماده به آب دریا رنگی هست که به بدنه قایقا میزنن
نتیجه گیری اینه: اگر رنگ بدنه هایی که حاوی این ماده هستند رو ممنوع بکنند ----» دلفین ها مرگ و میرشون کم میشه چون میتونن ماده رو دفع بکنن

سوال هم خواسته بگید کدوم یک گزینه به اثبات نتیجه گیری کمک می کنه:
1- نمی تونه جواب باشه. در مورد میزان ماده در رنگ های امسال و 10 سال پیش حرف میزنه
2- بحث پیرامون ذلفین ها و ماده تو رنگ ها است نه سایر حیوونای دریایی
3- نتیجه میگه که اگر سم اضافی به بدن دلفین نرسه خودش سم رو دفع میکنه. این گزینه هام میگه بعد یه مدت سم از بین میره. چون اگر این ماده اگر از بین نره برای همیشه تو بدنش میمونه که خلاف گفته ریدینگ هست. پس جواب همینه
4- خلاف نتیجه گیری
5- نتیجه میگه که با متوقف شدن رنگ آمیری با این رنگ ها مرگ دلفین ها کم میشه. این گزینه هم میگه رنگ اگر با روش کارخانه زده بشه ماده ای بیرون نمیاد. اول کار به نظر میاد کمک میکنه ولی ما از متوقف شدن حرف زدیم! این گزینه میگه لازم نیست متوقف بشه و فقط لازمه که با روش درست استفاده بشه. این گزینه کمی شک برانگیز بود ولی جواب نیست...

[saba_b]

Many critics of Emily Brontë’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint
that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading
receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the
novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts.
Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness
of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does
encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation
that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat
unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis
(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger),
but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately,
resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering
Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.
6. Which of the following inferences about Henry James’s awareness of novelistic
construction is best supported by the passage?
A James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of
novelistic construction.
B James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.
C James’s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of
Brontë.
D James’s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators
to see unity in his individual novels.
E James’s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating
the unity of his novels.
سلام دوستان . به نظر شما کدام گزینه درست هست ؟ ممنون می شم جواب بدید

[hirt-01]

Many critics of Emily Brontë’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint
that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading
receives more confirmation. Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the
novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts.
Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness
of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does
encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation
that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat
unconvincing. This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis
(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger),
but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately,
resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering
Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.
6. Which of the following inferences about Henry James’s awareness of novelistic
construction is best supported by the passage?
A James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of
novelistic construction.
B James was very aware of the details of novelistic construction.
C James’s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of
Brontë.
D James’s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators
to see unity in his individual novels.
E James’s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating
the unity of his novels.
سلام دوستان . به نظر شما کدام گزینه درست هست ؟ ممنون می شم جواب بدید

دوست عزیز متنتون چون موضوعش ادبی هست یه مقدار برای افراد غیرادبی (!) سخت هست.
ولی جواب سوالتون این خط هست:

Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness
of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does
encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts

ترجمه روان و غیر تحت الفظی: این ویژگی ( پیچیدگی حاصل از دو قسمت شدن رمان و تناقض این دو قسمت ) دلیل نمیشه که حاجیه خانوم

Emily سواد و درکش از ساختتار های ادبی بیشتر از Henry خان باشه.

سوال هم که مشخصه چی می خواد!

1- جیمز رو با کسی امیلی مقایشه کرده نه "any other novelist" . در ضمن متن از این صحبت نکرده هنری از دشواری های کار اطلاع داره، فقط گفته که awareness بیشتره.
راه حل کوتاه: کلمه "any other novelist" خیلی شدیده پس جواب نیست!

2-این هم که دقیق ترجمه من رو میگه، پس جواب درست همینه.

3- اصلا اشاره نکرده که جیمز کتاب املی رو خونده یا نه. پس رد میشه

4- اصلا متن حرفی از منتقد و کتاب هنری نزده...

5- این هم که خیلی پرته. اصلا در موردش حرفی زده نشده.

[Backstreetboy]

سلام. این جمله معنیش چی میشه؟

for the following question consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

??

چون معنی اسن سوال رو نفهمیدم، دیگه بقیش رو نزاشتم. همینو بگین حله!

ارادتمند