معنی کلماتی در ریدینگ و لیسنینگ که فکر میکنیم می دونیم! و کلمات تخصصی دیگر!

[fadaei2]

یه لغت دیگه برای پست قبلی که زمان ویرایشش تموم شده:

rust: زنگ آهن

ادامه لغات تافل:

exploitation: استثمار، بهره برداری کردن (هم معنی مثبت داره هم منفی)
از اون کلمه هایی هست که ets عاشقشونه

facade: نمای سردر، نمای خارجی؛ جبهه (شاید به عنوان سوال مستقیم هیچوقت بکار نره ولی حداقل 5 بار در تستهای مختلف دیدم و به فهم متن کمک میکنه)

spoilage: تاراج، غارت

perishable: کالای فاسد شدنی، نابود شدنی
perish: نایود و فاسد شدن، مردن

roost: لانه پرندگان، جای بیتوته شب

ointment: پماد

arithmetic: علم حساب، حسابان

plow : گاوآهن (تو آیلتس به صورت بریتیش و plough نوشته میشه)

thorax: سینه، قفسه سینه

stylet: دشنه، خنجر

barn: انبار غله، طویله

subsidize: کمک هزینه دادن

diagnosis: تشخیص بیماری، تشخیص عیب

maize: ذرت، بلال

firework: آتش بازی
با اجاق و ... اشتباه گرفته نشه

blunt: رک و بی پرده

mantle : پوشش (هم برای زمین بکار میره و هم برای انسان مثلا پوشش زنانه)

[fadaei2]

یه سری لغات خیلی شبیه:
ضمنا معنای لغاتی که خیلی خیلی واضح هستن رو ننوشتم و فقط برای نشون دادن شباهت اوردمشون

hospitality: مهمان نوازی
hostility: دشمنی
hospital
hostage: وثیقه، ضامن
هر چهار مورد فوق رو در تستهای مختلف تافل دیدم

fright ترس
fight
freight: بار

اکثر 5 لغت زیر مربوط به درسهای 30 تا 55 کتاب essential words for toefl میشه:
cede: واگذار کردن، تسلیم کردن
concede: اعتراف کردن
precede:حلوتر بودن، پیش از چیزی رفتن
recede: کنار کشیدن، خودداری کردن
secede: کناره گیری کردن

innocuous: بی ضرر
innocent: معصوم

این لغتها هم که دیگه آخر شباهتن، همشون هم کاربردی:
affiliated: وابسته (مثلا کسی که وابسته به دانشگاه تهران هست، تو فرمها زیاد دیده میشه)
affliction: رنج، پریشانی
affluent: سرشار، فراوان
afford: از عهده چیزی بر اومدن
affront: بی هرمتی، هتاکی
affair: کار و بار، عشق بازی
affection: مهربانی، تاثیر
affinity: خویشاوندی، قرابت


wanton: extreme and showing no care at all
warrant: معنی هاش مختلفه، کلا از این کلمه خوشم نمیاد
warden: سرپرست، نگهبان

muster up: گرد آوری و جمع کردن
master

cosmetic: وسیله و فن آرایش و تزئین
cosmic: کیهانی

crust: پوسته
crest: top قله، بالا

[torkanturk]

سری یازدهم لغت های تافل....

Plausible: acceptable, believable

Another seemingly plausible explanation that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development-also is incorrect

phenomenon: occurrence, happening, circumstance, incident

Nor does the hypothesis that infantile amnesia reflects repression---or holding back—of sexually charged episodes explains the phenomenon

Critically: fundamentally, essentially

Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it

perspective: viewpoint, idea

The better able the person is to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful

Objective (noun): aim, purpose, goal

An objective of this particular cruise was to investigate the floor of the Mediterranean and to resolve questions about its geologic history

Score (noun): large numbers, a great many, a lot, plenty

Increasing salinity caused by the evaporation resulted in the extermination of scores of invertebrate species

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[torkanturk]

سری دوازدهم لغات تافل

Turbulent: violent, disorderly or confused, not calm or stable, unstable

Turbulent waters tore into the hardened salt flats, broke them up, and ground them into the pebbles observed in the first sample taken by the Challenger

Obsession with: fixation on, preoccupation, addiction

The source of Roman obsession with unity and cohesion may well have lain in the pattern of Rome’s early development

Foster: encourage, promote, further, stimulate, advance, forward, cultivate

A deep attachment to the land, and to the stability which rural life engenders, fostered the Roman virtues: gravitas, a sense of responsibility, peitas, a sense of devotion to family and country, and iustitia, a sense of the natural order

sphere: area, range, scope, domain

The Roman genius was projected into new spheres—especially into those of law, military organization, administration, and engineering

Diffuse: spread, propagate, and scatter

Once the idea of planting diffused, Africans began to develop their own crops, such as certain varieties of rice, and they demonstrated a continued receptiveness to new imports

99- Profound: complex, sophisticated, and far-reaching

This technological shift cause profound changes in the complexity of African societies

Ritual, ceremony, rite, tradition

Those who knew the secrets of making iron gained ritual and sometimes political power

Flee: run away from, abscond

Their migration may have been set in motion by an increase in population caused b a movement of peoples fleeing the desiccation, or drying up, of the Sahara

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[torkanturk]

سری دوازده + یک !!! لغات تافل

massive: huge, very large

It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings

Pinpoint (verb): identify, determine, discover

The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint

Ingenuity: cleverness, ingeniousness

The teacher conjectures the ingenuity of that student correctly

Predominant: principal, primary, main, and eminent

The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotiluacan was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D

Cope: manage, handle, and deal with

It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded

Fluctuation: variation, change, shift, alteration

Why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations?

Bombard: attack, strike

Even today, microscopic meteorites continually bombard Earth, falling on both land and sea

Disruption: disturbance, interruption

Disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years

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[torkanturk]

سری چهاردهم لغات تافل

Merge: combine, join, affiliate, and amalgamate

Flow features are extensive systems―sometimes hundreds of kilometers in total length―of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels

Relics: remains

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago

Miniature: small-scale, mini; tiny, little, small

The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels

Hint (noun): clue, tip, and sign

Aside from some small-scale gullies (channels) found since2000, which are inconclusive, astronomers have no direct evidence for liquid water anywhere on the surface of Mars today, and the amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere is tiny. Yet even setting aside the unproven hints of ancient oceans, the extent of the past. Where did all the water go?

Persuasively: convincingly

He persuasively argued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later, when the continental ice began its final retreat

Prior to: before, preceding

This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americans prior to the melting of the continental glaciers

Vast: major, expansive, broad, and massive

Vast areas along the coast may have been deglaciated beginning around 16,000 years ago, possibly providing a coastal corridor for the movement of plants, animals, and humans sometime between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago

Inhospitable: unwelcoming, unfriendly, unsociable, and unsuitable

This is the time period in which most scientists formerly believed the area to be inhospitable for humans

Impetus: incentive, motivation

Because of the barrier of ice to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and populated areas to the north, there may have been a greater impetus for people to move in a southerly direction

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[torkanturk]

سری پانزدهم لغات تافل....

Justify: warrant, defend, support

This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching

Flourish: grow, thrive, prosper, evolve, and succeed

Wildman and Niles were particularly interested in investigating the conditions under which reflection might flourish-a subject on which there is little guidance in the literature

Objective (adjective): unbiased, impartial, neutral

Wildman and Niles observed that systematic reflection on teaching required a sound ability to understand classroom events in an objective manner

compelling: persuasive, cogent, convincing, plausible

Wildman and Niles make a summary comment: "Perhaps the most important thing we learned is the idea of the teacher-as-reflective-practitioner will not happen simply because it is a good or even compelling idea."

At random: without a definite pattern, haphazardly

Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks

abundantly: plentifully, sufficiently

Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth

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[torkanturk]

لذت ببرین!
از جملات استفاده کنین که خیلی به درد بخوره
به ای تی اس گفتم تو همین مایه ها بدن!!

سری شانزدهم لغات تافل....

Propagate: reproduce, disseminate, grow, promulgate, multiply

Plants propagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spores are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient

Dormant: inactive, passive, inert, and asleep

In some angiosperm the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seeds to move to new habitats. They could travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months

gaze: look steadily and intently, stare

Children have an innate preference for gazing at facelike objects

Confer: grant to, give to, award to, present to

The ancient practice of sealing documents or property with clay impressions to confer proof of origins and provide security lives on the still-used system of sealing important documents by making an impression in bright red sealing wax

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فعلا با اجازه

[torkanturk]

سری شانزدهم لغات تافل....

Propagate: reproduce, disseminate, grow, promulgate, multiply

Plants propagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spores are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient

Dormant: inactive, passive, inert, and asleep

In some angiosperm the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seeds to move to new habitats. They could travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months

gaze: look steadily and intently, stare

Children have an innate preference for gazing at facelike objects

Confer: grant to, give to, award to, present to

The ancient practice of sealing documents or property with clay impressions to confer proof of origins and provide security lives on the still-used system of sealing important documents by making an impression in bright red sealing wax

Edible: safe to eat, digestible

This food is really delicious and edible for predia butterfly that it does not miss any opportunity to find it

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[torkanturk]

بچه ها خسته که نشدین

سری هفدهم لغات تافل....

Illusory: Misleading, delusive, erroneous

They are all herbivores (plant-eating animals), and they all appear to be living on the same diet of grasses, herbs, and small bushes. This appearance, however, is illusory….

Sparsely: thinly, not broadly

There are also sparsely distributed, highly nutritious fruits, and Bell found that only the Thomson’s gazelles eat much of these

Associated: connected, related

How are we to understand their different feeding preferences? The answer lies in two associated differences among the species, in their digestive systems and body sizes

Fastidious: demanding, meticulous, exacting

The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last

Prestigious: highly regarding, reputable, eminent

She rejected the technical virtuosity of movement in ballet, the most prestigious form of theatrical dance at that time

Engaged: busy, hired, occupied

Although she discovered and introduced her art in the United States, she achieved her greatest glory in Paris, where she was engaged by the Folies Bergère in 1892 and soon became “La Loie,” the darling of Parisian audiences

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