آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرایش ها

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دوستان خوبم

با توجه به اینکه رشته روان شناسی گرایش های متنوع و زیادی داره که برای اکثر ما که در دانشگاههای ایران تحصیل کردیم نا آشنا هست و اکثرا جزو گرایش های بین رشته ای هستند، در این تاپیک به معرفی این گرایشها و معیارهای اخذ پذیرش در آن گرایش ها پرداخته خواهدشد.

خواهشم از دوستانی که مایلند اطلاعات خودشون و به مشارکت بذارن اینه که اول هر پست، اسم گرایش مورد نظرشون و حتما بنویسن.

متشکرم

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SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY

School Psychology

School psychology is a field that applies principles of clinical psychology and educational psychology to the diagnosis and treatment of children's and adolescents' behavioral and learning problems, to teachers, politicians and other responsible persons in the instituationalized education systems with pedagogic, didactic or systemic-organizational problems, sometimes also integrating parents of school children to find common solutions. School psychologists are educated in psychology, child and adolescent development, child and adolescent psychopathology, education, family and parenting practices, learning theories, and personality theories. They are knowledgeable about effective instruction and effective schools. They are trained to carry out psychological and psychoeducational assessment, counseling, and consultation, and in the ethical, legal and administrative codes of their profession.

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NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

Post-Doctoral Certificate in Neuropsychology
A post-doctoral certificate program in neuropsychology provides a combination of clinical, teaching and research opportunities for Ph.D. graduates looking to gain specific knowledge and board certification in clinical neuropsychology. The curriculum provides advanced concepts in neuropsychological assessment, treatment and intervention procedures. Students also explore a variety of cognitive disorders, including autism, dementia, brain tumors and epilepsy. This type of program typically requires two years to complete.
Educational Prerequisites

Candidates are generally expected to have, or be working on, a Ph.D. or Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) in clinical psychology or counseling from an approved program. Prior internship experience is also a common requirement for admission.
Program Coursework

In addition to highly-focused coursework, neuropsychology certificate programs often require a prescribed number of practicum hours. Topics covered include:

Child neuropsychology

Adult development and aging

Intervention techniques

Cognitive assessment

Dementia

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SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY

School psychology services

School psychologists are experts in both psychology and education. They provide many services that include the educational, emotional, social, and behavioral challenges that many children, youth, and young adults experience (typically ages birth to age 21 years). Children are their primary clients but they also work collaboratively with teachers, school administrators, parents, and community services to best serve children. School psychologists provide intervention and treatment to reach goals. They assist with trauma and crisis; work with children, teachers, and families to deal with hurdles that are preventing success; educate and expand skills to cope with problems. They utilize prevention and early intervention to limit troubles in children’s lives and in the school environment. School psychologists help create an equal and encouraging school, bring attention to mental health issues and develop ways to deal with issues individually and school-wide, they team up with teachers and parents to address effective behavior plans, and ensure acceptance and value of diversity. School psychologists administer assessments and address difficulties all students face in psychological, social, personal, emotional, and educational/learning development. They also review and revise techniques to deal with problems of students and in schools to maintain a good, safe setting. They provide consultation and case management by ensuring students’ needs are met; speak out for students in and out of the school; make sure all people involved with the student are aware of the needs of the student, what resources are available, and how to get the services; aid in the communication between parents, schools, and community services; and modify achievement plans to best meet needs of student. School psychologists seek assistance from community services in mental health, health, and crisis response; educate the public, parents, and schools through trainings on issues facing students and schools. Finally, School Psychologists are experts in research. As noted by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP, 2007) and the American Psychological Association (APA, 2007), school psychologists adhere to the scientist-practitioner framework and make decisions based on empirical research. School psychologists must be aware of and contribute to the study of the best approaches to helping students, families, and schools reach their goals. Although school psychologists understand that schools are important in the lives of young people, not all school psychologists are employed in schools. Many school psychologists, particularly those with doctoral degrees, practice in other settings, including clinics, hospitals, forensic settings, correctional facilities, universities, and independent practice

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Sample of Student Handbook of Neuropsychology

And:

Association of State And Provincial Psychology Boards

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SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY
Consultation in School Psychology

Consultation is an important part of a school psychologist’s career because it allows school psychologists to reach more children than using direct intervention techniques. Consultation is usually thought of as a triadic relationship with the school psychologist working with another individual in hopes of helping change many students' behaviors/grades The individual that school psychologists usually work with during consultation is a parent or teacher. School psychologists consult with parents to address learning and behavioral problems at home that can interfere with school progress. More frequently though school psychologists work with teachers during consultation to reach the many students in their classrooms. School psychologists mainly consult teachers on developing and implementing classroom management techniques and implementing specific interventions for specific students. School psychologists also now consult with administrators on a systems-level. When working on a systems level, school psychologists generally do not just work with one person but instead works with multiple individuals to make changes and help students on a more broad level. This can be to develop school wide programs to combat bullying or improve the entire school’s reading program.

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SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY
Employment prospects in school psychology

The job prospects in school psychology in the US are excellent. The US Department of Labor cites employment opportunities in school psychology at both the specialist and doctoral levels as among the best across all fields of psychology (U.S. Dept. of Labor, 2006-07).
According to the NASP Research Committee (2007), 74% of school psychologists are female with an average age of 46. In 2004-05, average earnings for school practitioners ranged from $56,262 for those with a 180-day annual contract to $68,764 for school psychologists with a 220-day contract.

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CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY

Clinical neuropsychology is a sub-field of psychology concerned with the applied science of brain-behaviour relationships. Clinical neuropsychologists use this knowledge in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and or rehabilitation of patients across the lifespan with neurological, medical, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, as well as other cognitive and learning disorders. Assessment is primarily by way of neuropsychological tests, but also includes patient history, qualitative observation and may draw on findings from neuroimaging and other diagnostic medical procedures. Clinical neuropsychology requires an in-depth knowledge of: neuroanatomy, neurobiology, psychopharmacology and neuropathology.

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SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY

Difference between educational psychology and school psychology

School and educational psychology, if you’ll think of it, seem to have no difference at all. Since school and education are two synonymous words, we can’t help but think what made the two subtypes of psychology different. Psychology is the study of behavior. School psychology and educational psychology are both fields under psychology. So what are the differences? Educational psychology deals with the psychology of educating humans, how educational teaching and materials affect humans, evaluation of methods of teaching and these teaching materials, and school organization effectiveness. School psychology, on the other hand, deals with the treatment of learning dilemmas of children and adolescents. They are also responsible in diagnosing such conditions present in them. The history of educational psychology dates back a thousand years ago when educational philosophers began to criticize the method of teaching among others. These philosophers are Comenius, Vives, Quintilian and Democritus while school psychology began during the 17th and 21st centuries. Their curiosity on studying childhood learning and behavioral problems led to this type of psychology. Important personalities behind school psychology are: Lightner Witmer, Granville Stanley Hall, and Arnold Gesell. In educational psychology, research methods are utilized to correlate findings and to solve problems. They either used quantitative or qualitative methods. In quantitative methods, computations and numbers are usually employed in the gathered data. In the qualitative method, it’s more in the use of words through descriptions of “these” and “those.” In school psychology, they usually apply the principles of educational and clinical psychology to carry out their duties and responsibilities. In order to become an educational psychologist (with an average income of $58,000 USD) one must take up a degree in educational psychology. On the other hand, for an individual to become a school psychologist (with an average income of $58,000 USD for 6 months’ contract), one may obtain a bachelor’s degree in psychology and then take up a Master’s and Ph.D. Though not all school psychologists are working in schools, some are working in universities, clinics, forensic hubs, hospitals, etc. while some work as independent contractors.



Read more: Difference Between Educational Psychology and School Psychology | Difference Between | Educational Psychology vs School Psychology http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-educational-psychology-and-school-psychology/#ixzz2DgF1Fuuw

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SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY

American Psychological Association: Accredited Programs in School Psychology

Lehigh University (PhD)
Department of Education and Human Services

Louisiana State University (PhD)
Department of Psychology


Loyola University Chicago (PhD)
School of Education


University of Maryland—College Park (PhD)
Department of Counseling and Personnel Services


University of Massachusetts—Amherst (PhD)
Department of Student Development and Pupil Personnel Services


McGill University (PhD)
School-Applied Child Psychology Program
Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology
Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1
Canada


Michigan State University (PhD)
Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education


University of Minnesota (PhD)
Department of Educational Psychology


Mississippi State University (PhD)
Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology


University of Missouri—Columbia (PhD)
Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology


University of Nebraska—Lincoln (PhD)
Department of Educational Psychology



New York University (PhD) Department of Applied Psychology
.
New York University (PsyD)
Department of Applied Psychology


University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill (PhD)
School of Education


North Carolina State University (PhD)
Department of Psychology


University of Northern Colorado (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology and Counselor Education


Northern Illinois University (PhD)
Department of Psychology


Oklahoma State University (PhD)
School of Applied Health and Educational Psychology


University of Oregon (PhD)
Department of Special Education and Clinical Sciences


Pennsylvania State University (PhD)
Division of Educational and School Psychology and Special Education


University of Rhode Island (PhD)
Department of Psychology


Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (PsyD)
Department of Applied Psychology
Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology


University of South Carolina (PhD)
Department of Psychology


University of South Florida (PhD)
Department of Psychological and Social Foundations


University of Southern Mississippi (PhD)
Department of Psychology


St. John's University (PsyD)
Department of Psychology


Syracuse University (PhD)
Department of Psychology


Teachers College, Columbia University (PhD)
Department of Health and Behavior Studies


Temple University (PhD)
Department of Psychological Studies in Education


University of Tennessee—Knoxville (PhD)
Educational Psychology and Counseling


Texas A&M University (PhD)
Department of Educational Psychology


University of Texas at Austin (PhD)
Department of Educational Psychology


Texas Woman's University (PhD)
Department of Psychology and Philosophy


Tulane University (PhD)
Department of Psychology


University of Utah (PhD)
Department of Educational Psychology


University of Washington (PhD)
Department of Educational Psychology


University of Wisconsin—Madison (PhD)
Department of Educational Psychology


University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee (PhD)
School of Education