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موضوع: آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرایش ها

  1. #51
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    پیش فرض پاسخ : آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرای

    SPORT PSYCHOLOGY



    Sport psychology
    is an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from the fields of Kinesiology and Psychology. It involves the study of how psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors. In addition to instruction and training of psychological skills for performance improvement, applied sport psychology may include work with athletes, coaches, and parents regarding injury, rehabilitation, communication, team building, and career transitions


    Present status of sport psychology

    It would be misleading to conflate the status of AASP and the status of the profession of sport psychology. However, considering that AASP has the largest membership of any professional organization devoted entirely to sport psychology, it is worthwhile to mention the contentious nature of the organization's future.
    There appears to be a rift between members of AASP who would like the organization to function as a trade group that promotes the CC-AASP certificate and pushes for job development, and members of AASP who would prefer the organization to remain as a professional society and a forum to exchange research and practice ideas. Many AASP members believe that the organization can meet both needs effectively. These problems were illustrated in AASP founding president John Silva's address at the 2010 conference. Silva highlighted five points necessary for AASP and the greater field of applied sport psychology to address in the near future:

    1. Orderly development and advancement of the practice of sport psychology
    2. Embrace and enhance interdisciplinary nature of sport psychology
    3. Advance development of graduate education and training in sport psychology
    4. Advance job opportunities for practice in collegiate, Olympic, and pro sports
    5. Be member-driven and service its membership

    Silva then suggested that AASP advance the legal standing of the term "sport psychology consultant" and adopt one educative model for the collegiate and post-graduate training of sport psychology consultants. While the AASP Certified Consultant (CC-AASP) certification provides a legitimate pathway to post-graduate training, it does not legally bar an individual without the CC-AASP credentials from practicing sport psychology. Silva contended that future sport psychology professionals should have degrees in both psychology and the sport sciences and that their training ultimately conclude in the obtainment of a legal title. It was argued this should increase the likelihood of clients receiving competent service as practitioners will have received training in both the "sport" and "psychology" pieces of sport psychology. Silva concluded that AASP and APA work together to create legal protection for the term "sport psychology consultant." Results of the AASP strategic planning committee report will be published in late 2011and will continue the discussion and debate over the future of the fiel


  2. #52
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    پیش فرض پاسخ : آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرای

    SPORT PSYCHOLOGY


    What Does a Sports Psychologist Do?


    A sports psychologist is a licensed mental health professional who helps athletes improve their performance and focus. He or she works with sports players to help them identify their challenges, work through difficult times, and set goals. Psychologists employ many established therapy methods as well as specialized techniques tailored to the unique attributes of athletics. Most sports psychologists work in private practice, providing counseling to individuals on an appointment basis; some, though, are employed by college and professional sports organizations to work specifically with members of a team.
    An athlete might seek the services of a sports psychologist if her performance is waning or she seems to lose interest in her sport. The psychologist asks questions in an attempt to uncover the underlying reasons for poor play or a change in attitude. The athlete may have personal issues at home, for example, that are preventing her from dedicating all her focus to her sport. The psychologist can help her work through problems and figure out important life decisions. She may be advised to take a break from athletics or engage in activities designed to help her reduce stress and improve mental focus during activities.

    Sports psychologists work with athletes from every sport, age group and skill level. A psychologist who counsels youth and amateur athletes in a community typically works in a private practice, meeting with individuals to discuss issues. Many professional teams and sports stars hire psychologists to provide full-time help. A sports psychologist who is employed by a professional golfer, for example, travels with him to tournaments and spends countless hours both on and off the golf course to help him keep his focus and understand performance issues from a psychological standpoint.
    In most countries, a two-year master's or four-year doctoral degree is needed to become a sports psychologist. Relatively few accredited master's and doctoral programs are specifically geared toward sports psychology, and most professionals enter the field after receiving a more general degree and gaining counseling experience in other settings. An individual is usually required to pass a written licensing exam administered by his or her state or country after earning a degree and gaining supervised experience.
    Additional certification is not typically necessary to start working as a sports psychologist, though many people decide to join private organizations and take voluntary exams to improve their credentials. Organizations such as the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology in the United States provide certification and job search services for new professionals in the field. With training, dedication, and patience, an individual can find a fulfilling career working with sports stars.

  3. #53
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    SPORT PSYCHOLOGY


    Sport Psychology Journals


    Journal of Applied Psychology


    Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology


    Behavior Research Methods


    Psychology of Sport and Exercise


    Journal of Clinical Psychology


    Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology


    Applied Psychology-International Review


    Journal of Applied Sport Psychology


    The Sport Psychologist


    Sociology of Sport Journal


    International Journal of Sport Psychology

  4. #54
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    SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

    Social psychology is an interdisciplinary domain that bridges the gap between psychology and sociology. Within the context of psychology, social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. By this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation. The terms thoughts, feelings, and behaviors include all psychological variables that are measurable in a human being. The statement that others' presence may be imagined or implied suggests that we are prone to social influence even when no other people are present, such as when watching television, or following internalized cultural norms. Social psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations. In general, social psychologists have a preference for laboratory-based, empirical findings. Social psychology theories tend to be specific and focused, rather than global and general.
    Social psychologists therefore deal with the factors that lead us to behave in a given way in the presence of others, and look at the conditions under which certain behavior/actions and feelings occur. Social psychology is to do with the way these feelings, thoughts, beliefs, intentions and goals are constructed and how such psychological factors, in turn, influence our interactions with others

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  6. #56
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    SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

    Social psychology Programs in US, Canada, and Europe
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    HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

    Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness and healthcareIt is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral and cultural factors are involved in physical health and illness, in addition to the biological causes that are well understood by medical science. Psychological factors can affect health directly (such as stress causing the release of hormones such as cortisol which damage the body over time) and indirectly via a person's own behavior choices which can harm or protect health (such as smoking or taking exercise). Health psychologists take a biopsychosocial approach - this means that they understand health to be the product not only of biological processes (e.g. a virus, tumour, etc.) but also of psychological processes (e.g. stress, thoughts and beliefs, behaviours such as smoking and exercise) and social processes (e.g. socioeconomic status, culture and ethnicity).

    By understanding and harnessing psychological factors, health psychologists can improve health by working directly with individual patients, indirectly in large-scale public health programs, and by training healthcare professionals (e.g. physicians and nurses) to take advantage of this knowledge when working with their patients. Health psychologists work in a variety of settings: alongside other medical professionals in hospitals and clinics, in public health departments work on large-scale behavior change and health promotion programs, and in universities and medical schools where they teach and conduct research.

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    HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY


    What is the difference between health psychology and clinical psychology?



    Clinical psychology and health psychology are not entirely separated fields of research or practice. Nonetheless, clinical psychology focuses on the causes, prevention, and treatment of abnormal psychological disorders, while health psychology focuses on the causes, prevention and treatment of physical disorders that are impacted by psychological processes.
    Health psychology grew from clinical psychology as a sub-specialty. It has previously been known as behavioral medicine. How people respond to the dissemination of health education, how they make decisions about harmful behaviors (e.g., smoking or drug use), how they manage complex diseases (e.g., diabetes), how to impact psycho-physiological disorders (e.g., essential hypertension or psychologically induced urticaria), and how to reduce stress that exacerbates physical disorders are instances of the foci of health psychology.
    A related field that has emerged over the past couple of decades is psycho-neuro-immunology.

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    HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY


    Graduate programs in Health Psychology
    تصاویر پیوست فایل‌های پیوست

  10. #60
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    HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

    Health psychology as a career


    Health psychologists focus on public health problems, healthcare provisions and responses to illness. These issues may be identified by healthcare agencies (including NHS trusts and health authorities), health professionals (such as GPs, nurses and rehabilitation therapists) and organisations and employers outside the NHS.
    The breadth of the discipline is far reaching and can involve

    Health risk behaviours - identifying behaviours that may be damaging to a person's health (for example, smoking, drug abuse, poor diet) and the use of psychological theories and interventions for primary prevention and health related behaviour change

    Health protective enhancing behaviours - encouraging adoption of behaviours such as exercise, a healthy diet, oral hygiene, health checks/self examination and attending preventative medical screenings, by using psychological approaches to health problems
    .

    Health related cognitions - investigating cognitive processes which mediate and determine health and illness behaviours. A range of theoretical models and frameworks are used, not only for explanation and prediction, but also for developing interventions (for example, modifying health beliefs, increasing internal control or self efficacy beliefs

    Processes influencing health care delivery - investigating the nature and effects of communication between healthcare practitioners and patients. This includes psychological interventions to improve communication, facilitating adherence, preparing for stressful medical procedures and others
    .

    Psychological aspects of illness - looking at the psychological impact of acute and chronic illness on individuals, families and carers. Psychological interventions may be used to help promote self-management, cope with pain or illness, improve quality of life and reduce disability and handicap.
    Health psychologists work in a number of settings, including hospitals, academic health research units, health authorities and university departments


موضوعات مشابه

  1. پاسخ: 51
    آخرين نوشته: October 25th, 2019, 05:58 PM
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    توسط avand در انجمن تحصیل در فرانسه
    پاسخ: 13
    آخرين نوشته: September 21st, 2017, 10:08 AM
  3. پاسخ: 26
    آخرين نوشته: October 10th, 2011, 08:13 PM

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