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موضوع: آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرایش ها

  1. #61
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    پیش فرض پاسخ : آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرای

    MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY



    Medical psychology
    is the application of psychological principles to the practice of medicine for both physical and mental disorders. The American Psychological Association (APA) defines medical psychology as "that branch of psychology that integrates somatic and psychotherapeutic modalities into the management of mental illness and emotional, cognitive, behavioral and substance use disorders". A medical psychologist does not automatically equate with a psychologist who has the authority to prescribe medication.
    Medical psychologists apply psychological theories, scientific psychological findings, and techniques of psychotherapy, behavior modification, cognitive, interpersonal, family, and life-style therapy to improve the psychological and physical health of the patient. Clinical psychologists with post doctoral specialty training as medical psychologists are the practitioners with refined skills in clinical observation in of the field of psychology, learning, central nervous system adaptation and change, and adaptation and lifestyle change applying a number of different methods in several different mediums of treatment. Highly qualified and post graduate specialized doctors are trained for service in primary care centers, hospitals, residential care centers, and long-term care facilities and in multidisciplinary collaboration and team treatment. They are trained and equipped to modify physical disease states and the actual cytoarchitecture and functioning of the central nervous and related systems using psychological and pharmacological techniques (when allowed by statute), and to provide prevention for the progression of disease having to do with poor personal and life-style choices and conceptualization, behavioral patterns, and chronic exposure to the effects of negative thinking, choosing, attitudes, and negative contexts.

  2. #62
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    پیش فرض پاسخ : آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرای

    MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY



    PhD in Medical Psychology

    Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) programs in medical psychology blend training in experimental and clinical psychology. Students learn to use the results of empirical research to treat a variety of mental illnesses. Many programs emphasize the neurological aspects of behavior, helping students learn the cognitive and somatic aspects of mental health. While doctoral programs in medical psychology do offer some training in medical science, they don't lead to Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degrees, and graduates aren't authorized to prescribe medications.
    Education Prerequisites
    Medical psychology Ph.D. programs usually admit few applicants each year. Applicants are required to have significant undergraduate experience in psychology and the natural sciences. Successful applicants also have strong analytical reasoning skills and previous experience in psychological research and statistics.
    Program Coursework
    The curriculum for doctoral programs in medical psychology is interdisciplinary, including courses in psychology, the physical sciences, medicine and statistics. Students take courses emphasizing psychological research and the practical therapeutic application of research results. Topics in the following list are usually covered:
    Multivariate statistics
    Neuropsychology
    Cognitive psychology
    Behavioral psychology
    Anxiety disorders
    Cognitive psychological assessment
    Psychotherapy for children
    Behavioral neuroscience
    Health psychology
    Ethics in psychology

  3. #63
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    پیش فرض پاسخ : آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرای

    MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY


    Career and Employment Information

    People who earn a Ph.D. in Medical Psychology are qualified for advanced research and clinical positions in hospitals, clinics and schools. Graduates work as part of a medical treatment team or independently as consultants or therapists. As a whole, psychologists held more than 170,000 jobs in 2008, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Employment in this field is expected to increase 12%, about as fast as the national average for all jobs, between 2008 and 2018, also noted by the BLS. Salaries vary depending on the type of psychology practice, but the median annual earnings for school, counseling and clinical psychologists were more than $64,100 in May 2008 (www.bls.gov).
    Psychologists who work with patients in any setting are required to hold a license. Licensure standards vary by state, but typically require psychologists to hold a doctoral degree and complete a supervised internship. Aspiring psychologists must also typically pass a written test in their area of specialization. Some schools offer post-doctorate seminars and fellowships in medical psychology. Such programs last between a few months and one year and provide intensive training in the theories and methods of medical psychology.

  4. #64
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    پیش فرض پاسخ : آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرای

    MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY





    Fellowship in Medical Psychology


    Fellowship programs in medical psychology emphasize research that applies concepts from clinical psychology, behavioral medicine and psychopharmacology to clinical health care. Programs aim to balance academic inquiry with direct patient interaction. In the course of developing their diagnostic and therapeutic skills, candidates are encouraged to collaborate with practitioners from other disciplines on patient care and management. Some schools further divide their programs into clinical child psychology, health psychology and neuropsychology sub-specialties. A fellowship may be completed in two years

    Education Prerequisites

    Applicants to a fellowship program need to have earned a clinical psychology doctorate and completed an internship in clinical psychology. Schools are likely to give preference to those finishing at or near the top of their class

    Program Coursework

    The academic portion of a fellowship program is conducted through seminars, lectures and conferences. Possible seminar and lecture topics might include:


    Post traumatic stress disorder
    Addiction
    Sleep disorders
    Anxiety disorders
    Geriatric psychology
    Psycho-oncology
    Neuroimaging and brain stimulation
    Cultural diversity and sensitivity


  5. #65
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    COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY



    Cognitive psychology

    Discipline of psychology exploring internal mental processes. It is the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.
    Cognitive psychology differs from previous psychological approaches in two key ways.

    • It accepts the use of the scientific method, and generally rejects introspection as a valid method of investigation - in contrast with such approaches as Freudian psychology.
    • It explicitly acknowledges the existence of internal mental states (such as belief, desire, idea, knowledge and motivation).

    In its early years, critics held that the empiricism of cognitive psychology was incompatible with its acceptance of internal mental states. However, the sibling field of cognitive neuroscience has provided evidence of physiological brain states that directly correlate with mental states - thus providing support for the central assumption of cognitive psychology. The school of thought arising from this approach is known as cognitivism. Cognitive psychology has also influenced the area of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) where the combination of cognitive and behavioral psychology are used to treat a patient.

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  7. #67
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    پیش فرض پاسخ : آشنایی با گرایش های مختلف روان شناسی و مسائل مرتبط با فرایند اپلای در این گرای

    COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

    What does the cognitive psychologist do?


    A cognitive psychologist is concerned with the study and understanding of how memory, perception, and thought work in the brain. Born out of disagreements with the behaviorist school of thought in the mid-20th century, cognitivism seeks to benefit humans by better understanding how the brain processes information. Cognitive psychologists use traditional scientific methods to study the mind, rather than focusing on observable behaviors or psychoanalysis.
    Perception is a major area of cognitive psychology. Understanding how human beings see the world, and which factors influence personal perception, can be greatly important to predicting future behavior. In this area, a cognitive psychologist must be able to merge several disciplines of psychology while using a scientific method of study. Cognitivism, as defined by Ulric Neisser in 1967, suggests that the mind follows perceptive processes much like a computer processes information, but differs in that humans do so through a specific point of view. Studying perception allows a cognitive psychologist to research the questions at the heart of psychology: how does the human mind act, and what causes it to do so?

    There are a variety of areas a cognitive psychologist can devote his or her time to studying. Understanding memory is a key area of the discipline, leading to research in how memory is stored or lost, and subsequently how memory processes can be improved. A cognitive psychologist interested in memory might work on improving or curing conditions like Alzheimer's, research better ways to help people come to terms with memories blocked by trauma, or even develop better memorization techniques for early education.
    Improving education can be an important focus for a cognitive psychologist. By studying how people learn new information, cognitivism can help to create educational methods that emphasize improved learning techniques. By creating and developing new methods to make teaching more effective, a cognitive psychologist could help contribute to raising the overall education level of the population.
    Some work in cognitive psychology focuses on the brain's relationship to language and linguistics. Cognitive psychologists may do research on speech problems and develop techniques to improve work in speech therapy. Studying how humans learn language can also tie in to education, as new methods of learning additional languages may help students become fluent faster.
    Working as a cognitive psychologist can do much to improve human understanding of how learning and understanding works in the brain. Whether by focusing on memory, decision-making, or linguistics, a cognitive psychologist has an opportunity to contribute the the knowledge of the entire species. Although cognitivism is far from the only important psychological discipline, proponents believe it has the potential to bring great advances and benefits to the human race.


  8. #68
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    COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE



    Cognitive neuroscience
    is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.
    Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in these disciplines: neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy and mathematics.
    Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience (see neuropsychology). Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.

  9. #69
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    COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE




    List of institutions granting degrees in cognitive science
    تصاویر پیوست فایل‌های پیوست

  10. #70
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    the difference between Behavioral neuroscience, Neuropsychology , and Cognitive neuroscience

    Behavioral Neuroscience and Cognitive Neuroscience are different in many ways, but there is one aspect that clearly separates them. Behavioral Neuroscience uses a bottom-up approach to studying the brain, that is, a manipulation is made to the nervous system, and the experimenters then examine what effect that manipulation has on behavior (i.e. injecting a particular brain structure of a rat with a drug that inhibits the functioning of that structure, followed by observing the deficits or lack of deficits that occur in the functioning of that rat in terms of learning, motor functioning, etc.) Cognitive Neuroscience differs from Behavioral Neuroscience in that it uses a top-down approach to study the brain. Instead of manipulating structures in the brains of animals, cognitive neuroscience uses human participants (and no, we don't inject human brains with drugs haha). Cognitive Neuroscience uses a variety of, if you ask me, awesome technology such as fMRI and EEG to study the functioning brains response to a variety of stimuli. This data is then used to make inferences related to cognitive functioning in a variety of individuals such as those who have had a stroke, suffered traumatic brain injury, or have a neurodegenerative disorder. Clinical Neuropsychology is a specialization within the field of Clinical Psychology that is interested in the way in which brain disorders or injury affect human behavior and functioning. It is similar to Cognitive Neuroscience in that it generally studies the same patient populations (stroke, brain injury, neurodenerative), but differs in that it is a much more clinically focused field. Clinical Neuropsychologists are often hired by hospitals and medical centers, the VA, etc. to use various neuropsychological assessment tools to determine deficits in these types patients. Another cool part of Clinical Neuropsychology is that you can provide testimony for court cases related to brain injury. If you choose to go this route, you'll need to get into a Clinical Ph.D. or Psy.D. program, complete a NEUROPSYCH internship, then a two-year NEUROPSYCH post-doc/residency (information on this can be found here: http://www.div40.org/training/index.html) If you're interested in more of a rehabilitation setting, or simply interested in clinical work instead of research, I highly recommend you look into Clinical Neuropsychology. If you're strictly interested in research, cognitive psychology wouldn't be a bad place for you either

موضوعات مشابه

  1. پاسخ: 51
    آخرين نوشته: October 25th, 2019, 05:58 PM
  2. آشنایی با اعضایی که برای سال 2013-2012 پذیرش گرفته اند
    توسط avand در انجمن تحصیل در فرانسه
    پاسخ: 13
    آخرين نوشته: September 21st, 2017, 10:08 AM
  3. پاسخ: 26
    آخرين نوشته: October 10th, 2011, 08:13 PM

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