راهنمایی و ایده دادن در نوشتن انواع Writing

[zdesign]

واژه‌های جایگزین advantage و disadvantage برای جلوگیری از تکرار در متن

merits / demerits
pluses / minuses
Pros / Cons
good sides / bad sides
good points / bad points

و از کلمات خوب برای نشان دادن مهم‌تر بودن یکی از این دوگانه‌ها «outweigh» هست:
its advantages outweigh defects
its merits outweigh demerits

[zdesign]

جملات مفید:

به جای عبارتای Bold شده میشه کلمات دیگه قرار داد.

The future will definitely witness the negative impacts of the so-called safe vehicles

Some may argue that children must be inhibited to see Television advertisements, and others may adopt a fully different stance. However, I partially agree with the former on the one hand, and also have some appropriate reasons to support the latter on the other.

Below, I will strive to explain my supporting points in more details

I will strive to explain my reasons below and illustrate the position I have taken

Two main lines of thought can be seen in the society

Even if we are able to concede that lying is acceptable, this simple example is not sufficient to draw any general conclusion about lying

[elnazhat]

عبارات زیر رو هم میتونید برای ذکر مثال (Examplification) استفاده کنید:

For Example,
To illustrate,
For instance,
To clarify,
To elucidate,
To examplfy,
As a case in point,
To mention but a few,

خوب این دو تا عبارت هم که معنی "به بیان دیگر" رو دارند:

In other words,
To put it another way

خوب Such as هم میتونه برای ذکر مثال استفاده شه، با این تفاوت که بعد از عبارات فوق الذکر یک clause قرار میگیره ولی بعد از such as باید noun قرار داد.

[elnazhat]

بیان دلیل (Reasons):
بعد از موارد زیر یک clause قرار میگیره

Because
Since
As
For

بعد از موارد زیر noun یا gerund (یعنی v+ing) قرار میگیره. یا اینکه میشه عبارت the fact that رو آورد و بعدش از clause استفاده کرد.

owing to
thanks to
because of
due to

از given (یا همون given that) هم میشه برای بیان دلیل استفاده کرد:

Given ................................. , ................................
Ex: Given the fact that she was sick, she didn't go to school
Ex: Given that nearly all of its applicants will probably have high scores, a strong verbal score might make you stand out and help you gain admission

[elnazhat]

عبارات زیر رو بهشون میگن metaphoric language، یه جای دیگه دیدم یکی به عباراتی مشابه این گفته بود starter، من همچین اصطلاحی نشنیده بودم، شاید اونم درست باشه

Opinions are divided as to whether ............
It goes without saying that ................
Against my better judgement, ................
Despite the best of intentions, ...................
It's common knowledge that ..............
It's a forgone conclusion that ..................
I (don't) subscribe to the theory that ...............
It is my firm conviction that ................
It's absolutely certain that ................
I'm totally convinced ..............
It is widely believed that...........
I don't hold the opinion that .....
Although there are positive intentions, .........
It's crystal clear that ..........
Although I know it's a wrong course of action, ..........
People hold different views

خوب طبعاً بعضیاش برای introduction بهتره، بعضی برای Body و بعضی هم برای استفاده در conclusion و البته یه دیدی هم از معنیشون بهتره داشته باشین تا راحت تر و به درستی بتونید ازشون استفاده کنید.

[zdesign]

جلوگیری از اشتباه رایج:

تفاوت ظریف ولی نسبتاً مهمی بین few و a few هست، دو تا مثال زیر فک کنم این فرق رو مشخص کنه:

I have few bananas, so I can't give you any
I have a few bananas, so I can give you some

به عبارتی میشه گفت a few=some هست.

این مورد برای little و a little هم صدق می‌کنه:

I have little money, we can't get a cookie
I have a little money, let's get a cookie

[zdesign]

چند جملۀ مفید برای سؤال 1 رایتینگ تافل ibt

این‌ها برخی از جمله‌هایی بود که خودم نوشته بودم و تو امتحان هم تقریباً از همین‌ها استفاده کردم. اگر دیدید مناسب هستن و خواستید استفاده کنید، بهتره بعضی جاهارو با توجه به سبک نوشتاری خودتون تغییر بدید. البته قصدم فقط بیان یک سری جملات هست و این‌ها قالبی برای رایتینگ نیستن.

.The author of the passage chiefly discusses the ... and provides three reasons

.Nonetheless, in the lecture, the professor directly refutes each point mentioned in the passage

(بعضی وقت‌ها که استاد یک مقدمه قبل از رد دلایل ریدینگ میگه این جمله میتونه مناسب باشه، ولی خیلی کوتاه) ...The professor's introductory remarks are about the fact that

(از جمله‌هایی بود که خودم خیلی خوشم میومید! نمیدونم چرا) .Thus, the professor's view directly contradicts that of the author

.Therefore, the professor refutes the author's claim

...Nevertheless, the professor casts doubt on this point by stating that

...However, the professor in the lecture partially refutes each of these reasons and he/she states that

All in all, we can conclude that the reasons mentioned in the passage are unpersuasive as they stand, and the professor casts serious doubt on each of them by presenting some compelling pieces of evidence

[zdesign]

استفاده از عبارت that of

این عبارت رو همونطور که تو پست قبلی هم گفتم نمی‌دونم چرا دوست داشتم! احساس می‌کنم هم متن رو زیبا می‌کنه، هم یک استفاده‌ای هست که یکم سطحش با بقیه عبارات فرق می‌کنه. با یکم تمرین میتونید از این عبارت به خوبی استفاده کنید. (این عبارت formal هست)

that of برای جلوگیری از تکرارِ چیزی که قبلاً بهش اشاره کردید میاد. مثلاً:

.The population of Tehran is greater than the population of Isfahan
.The population of Tehran is greater than that of Isfahan

به همین صورت مثلاً داریم:

.His own experience was different from that of his friends
.The professor's view directly contradicts that of the author

و همین‌طور هست برای those of

(کتاب دلتا، ص 142) .When people come to a market with goods they have produced, they trade their goods for those of others

[elnazhat]

جلوگیری از اشتباه رایج:

تفاوت ظریف ولی نسبتاً مهمی بین few و a few هست، دو تا مثال زیر فک کنم این فرق رو مشخص کنه:

I have few bananas, so I can't give you any
I have a few bananas, so I can give you some

به عبارتی میشه گفت a few=some هست.

این مورد برای little و a little هم صدق می‌کنه:

I have little money, we can't get a cookie
I have a little money, let's get a cookie

توضیح بیشتر:

a few/ a little

این دو مورد برای القای یک مفهوم مثبت استفاده میشن، یعنی ما از مقداری صحبت میکنیم که گرچه کمه ولی کافی هست.

Ex: I've got a few close friends that I met regularly.
Ex: A few of her songs were popular and she was very well-known.
Ex: I have to go now, I have a little work to do.
Ex: We had a little money left, so we went out for a meal

few/ little

این دو تا برای مفاهیم منفی کاربرد دارن یعنی بیان اینکه مقدار موجود کافی نیست و خیلی کمه.

Ex: He has few close friends and often feels lonely.
Ex: Few of her songs were very popular and eventually she gave up her musical career.
Ex: There was little work to do so I didn't earn much money.
Ex: We decided to abondon our trip as we had little money left

منبع: Crack IELTS in a Flash

[Arnavaz4444]

عبارات زیر رو هم میتونید برای ذکر مثال (Examplification) استفاده کنید:

For Example,
To illustrate,
For instance,
To clarify,
To elucidate,
To examplfy,
As a case in point,
To mention but a few,

خوب این دو تا عبارت هم که معنی "به بیان دیگر" رو دارند:

In other words,
To put it another way

خوب Such as هم میتونه برای ذکر مثال استفاده شه، با این تفاوت که بعد از عبارات فوق الذکر یک clause قرار میگیره ولی بعد از such as باید noun قرار داد.

سپاس الناز عزیز

اگه موردهای ۲/۴/۵/۸ برای هر کدوم یه مثال ذکر کنین ممنون میشم..