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ghasedak22
سلام. وقتی وارد دپارتمان دانشگاهها میشیم عناوین اساتید prof و .prof.dr هست. به کدومیک از اینها باید ایمیل زد؟ یعنی در اصل کدومشون توانایی پذیرش دانشجو با فاند رو داره؟
سلام
به هر دو. هر دو، ولی بستگی به پروجه ای داره که دستشون هست و همچنین میزان گرنت. روش ایمیل زدن خیلی در کانادا و امریکا کاربرد داره البته در آلمان هم می تونید ایمیل بزنید. موفق باشید
برای اطلاعات بیشتر:
Main positions
- Professor (Prof.): Since about 2002 the standard title for full professors at universities in Germany.
- Professor ordinarius (ordentlicher Professor, o. Prof., Univ. Prof.): professor with chair, representing the branch of science in question. In Germany, it's common to call these positions in colloquial use "C4" professorships, due to the name of respective entry in the official salary table for Beamte (civil servant). (Following recent reforms of the salary system at universities,[1] you might now find the denomination "W3 professor."). Today in most German federal states this title is obsolete for restaffing. Since 2002 all full professors at universities and applied universities are called "professor". In some federal state like Baden-Württemberg it is still possible for professor at a university to make application for the title "Univ. Prof." under special conditions.[2]
- Professor extraordinarius ("extraordinary professor", außerordentlicher Professor, ao. Prof.): professor without chair, often in a side-area (comparable with Associate Professor in other systems), or being subordinated to a professor with chair. In Germany, it's common to call these positions in colloquial use "C3" professorships, due to the name of respective entry in the official salary table for Beamte (civil servant). (Following recent reforms of the salary system at universities,[1] you might now find the denomination "W2 professor" or "W3 professor without chair-function" in the state of Baden-Württemberg). Often, successful but junior researchers will first get a position as ao. Prof. and then later try to find an employment as o. Prof. at another university. In Prussia before the First World War, the average salary of the full professor ("Ordinarius") was double that of an associate professor ("Extraordinarius") and up to nine times that of a professor starting his career.[3]
- Professor emeritus (Prof. em.): just like in North America (see above); used both for the ordinarius and for the extraordinarius, although strictly speaking only the former is entitled to be addressed in this way. Although retired and being paid a pension instead of a salary, they may still teach and take exams and often still have an office.
- Junior-Professor (Jun.-Prof.): this position started in 2002 in Germany, this is a 6-year time-limited professorship for inexperienced young scholars without Habilitation. It is supposed to rejuvenate the professorship who eventually are supposed to become professor ordinarius in another institution. The concept is intensely debated due to a lack of experience with this new approach. The main criticism is that Juniorprofessors are expected to apply for professorships at other universities during the latter part of the six-year period, as their universities should not offer tenure themselves (unlike in the tenure track schemes used, e.g., in the USA). The number of academics appointed as 'junior professors' in Germany has risen from ca. 900 in 2008[4] to ca. 1600 in 2014.[5]
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Other positions
- Honorarprofessor (Hon.-Prof.): equivalent to the Dutch Extraordinary Professor, non-salaried. An honorary title (not related to any sort of honorarium!) conferred upon the person by a university for particular merits, often earned outside university or through long-term commitments (e.g., continued teaching) at the institution that confers the title. A Hon.-Prof. is obligated to lecture on a small scale. However, this is sometimes circumvented by title holders, especially since the title became popular among executives.
- außerplanmäßiger Professor (apl. Prof. or Prof.): either a tenured university lecturer or a former Privatdozent to whom the title is given if she or he has done excellent research before and after the Habilitation but has not attained a regular chair. The word außerplanmäßig (extraordinary or supernumerary) literally means "outside of the plan" and denotes that he is not paid as a professor but only as a researcher. Nonetheless as a member of the faculty he or she is obligated to lecture and conduct examinations and often supervises doctoral theses. This position is common in particular in medicine but also in social and cultural disciplines.
- Privatdozent (Priv.-Doz. or PD): member of a faculty who has passed the Habilitation; this title may also awarded to a former Juniorprofessor and is comparable to the English-American associate or adjunct professor. A Privatdozent is obligated to lecture and conduct examinations (often without pay) in order to keep the title and is allowed to supervise doctoral theses.
- Lehrbeauftragter a paid part-time (for example 2 hrs per week in a semester) teaching position for scientists in general with non university position who often hold a doctorate; Lehrbeauftragter is sometimes comparable with an adjunct assistant professor or an adjunct associate professor (US). It is not considered a professor position in Germany.
- Vertretungsprofessor: is an interim professor who officially represents a vacant chair for a limited amount of time, mostly 1 or 2 semesters. Very often a completed Habilitation is required. It is comparable with visiting associate professor (US). Some academics use this job as a changeover position before getting this particular job in a tenured way or before getting a tenured professorship at another institution.
- Gastprofessoren: A visiting scholar. If he or she lectures he or she is sometimes also called a visiting professor. Further, a visiting scholar can also work as a Vertretungsprofessor.
- Seniorprofessor (distinguished senior professorship): A special arrangement where a professor close to retirement is freed from the requirement to lecture and does only research. His or her salary is already paid from the pension fund, as if he or she retired early, and part of his previous regular salary is often used to hire a young successor to gradually take over the Seniorprofessor's work.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_ranks_in_Germany
- Dr. rer. nat. (rerum naturalium; natural and formal sciences, i.e. physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science and information technology);
- Dr. phil. (philosophiae; humanities such as philosophy, philology, history, and social sciences such as sociology, political science, or psychology);
- Dr. iur. (iuris; law);
- Dr. oec. (oeconomiae; economics);
- Dr. rer. pol. (rerum politicarum; economics, business administration, political science);
- Dr. theol. (theologiae; theology);
- Dr. med. (medicinae; medicine);
- Dr. med. dent. (medicinae dentariae; dentistry);
- Dr. med. vet. (medicinae veterinariae; veterinary medicine);
- Dr.-Ing. (engineering).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate#Germany
Dr. rer. nat.
Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.), literally:
Doctor of the things of nature, doctor of natural sciences, is a post-graduate academic degree awarded by universities in some European countries (for instance in Germany and Austria) to graduates in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, computer science, other natural sciences, and similar areas. These doctoral degrees are equivalent to a PhD. German universities often translate a
Dr. rer. nat. to
doctorate of natural sciences and graduates are tested in all natural sciences (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics)
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doktor...wissenschaften
مثال
http://blogs.gm.fh-koeln.de/konen/about-me/
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